Process of conducting combustion.



110. s19,12'7.' PATENTED MAY 1, 19061 H. L. DOHBRTY.-

PROCESS OF CONDUCTING COMBUSTION.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.14,1905.

t A k avwawtoz aka M3 11 M Q W A 1 w 0 m .LF... 1 :15??- 2 I V U l h a 3 1 k W 3 UNITED STATES PATENT oEFioE' HENRY L. D'o ERTY, OF NEW YORK," N. Y., AssIeiIoRTo COMBUSTION UTILITIES COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

No. 819,127. I

To all whom; it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY L. DOHERTY, a citizen of the United States, and a residentof New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Im rovements in Processes of Conducting Com ustion, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the art of conducting combustion with composite, flames, such as a gas-flame conjoined with a flame produced by the ignition of powdered coal. In many branches of industrial Work where roducer-gas or other gaseous fuel is used for eating purposes it is often of the greatest importance to secure a localized heat in one ortion of the furnace to effect certain chemlcal changes in pre aration for which the material may be un ergoing treatment in another art of the furnace with a flame of lesser eat intensity. With ordinary produceras itis difficult to carry out an operation of this sort successfully and economically, and especially is this true of producergas made from coke or anthracite coal, owing to the blue or non-luminous flame resulting from its combustion. A non-luminous flame is not a ood heat-imparting agent. The potency o the radiative action had never been heretofore clearly appreciated in this connection. Just why the quantity of coke or anthracite coal required in some operations to e do a 'ven amount of work is twice that require by a given weight of bituminous coal, which affords producer-gas possessing fourth power of the temperature. Conse' quently for hi h-temperature work while a non-luminous fl ame is relatively very inefl ective, a luminous flame, owingto this rapid increase in radiation with the temperature,

has a relatively high efficiency.

I have-found that if coal-dust or other solid material or liquid fuel, such as oil be injected into non-luminous flames ofthe characterabove mentioned a decided improvespecification of Letters Patent. Application filed November 14, 1905. Serial No. 287,218.

burning Patented 111.191, 1900.

tively poor heatin agent, a most the sameefficiency is realize as from bituminous coal.

My invention consists in the introduction of dpowdered coal, coke, or other solid or liqui compounds or combustible substances into a flame or flame-current of gaseous or other fuel; and the object of the invention is to convert flames-deficient in luminosity, and therefore inferior as a heat-imparting agent, into hi hly-luminous heat reverberatin flames w liich have a most powerful and'rapi heating action. p

The accompanying diagrammatic draw.- ings illustrate the application of m process to a cement-kiln for the burni an operation for which it is partloularlyewell adapted, as cementburnin requires'a high temperature of flame Margie-completionof the operation-that is, atthe time when the calcined material is bein converted into cementitious matter or c inkerwhile the operation of calcinat'ion or removal of carbon dioxid contained in a limestone requires a relatively low temperature. It must not be 0 cement,

inferred, however, that in so'illustrating this embodiment of -my invention that I limit myself in the application thereof solely to the of cement. The process is also of value in various metallur ical operations, such as the manufacture 0 glass, of openhearth steel, of various metals other than iron or steel, such as copper and zinc, and in miscellaneous heating operations.

The accompanying drawings dia rammatically indicate a cement-kiln fire by pro- -ducer-gas and having means for supplying thereto powdered fue Figure 1 shows the powdered fuel injected across the path of travel of the roducer-gas flame, and Fig. 2 shows an axialhnjection of the powdered fuel.

Llke reference characters designate like parts in the drawings.

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 is the cement-kiln in section, the lower portion or end only of the kiln being shown.

3 represents a gas-producer conventionally indicated. From the gas-producer 3 a conduit 4 conveys the gas to the kiln. A supply of air is admitted through an annular space 5 around the gas-inlet pipe. air may be supplied under pressure and may be preheated, if desired, by any suitable means.

6 is a bin or hoppercontainingpowdered coal or other pulverized fuel, fronithe lower end of which, by means of a conveyer 7, the fuel is discharged in uniform stream of redetermined amount into the hopper 8 of t e injection-chamber 9. Entering this chamber from the rear is the air-blast pipe 10, through which compressed air or a blast of air from a fan or blower (not shown) is admitted. 1 1 is a discharge-pipe. In Fig. 1 this is shown terminating at 12 above the as-port.. In Fig. 2 the terminus of the disc arge-pipe is centrally placed in the gas-port in order to discharge the powdered coal axially along the kiln My method of operation is as follows: The kiln 1 is put in revolution and a stream of the raw material in a finely-ground condition is caused to travel downwardly toward the point at which the gas enters the kiln. In the gas-producer 3 a bed of ignited coal or other fuel of as-producing depth is brought to a state 0 suitable ignition, and therethrough is passed a blast of air containing steam or products of combustion or carbon dioxid or other endothermic agent in such quantity as will maintain 'the fire at the pro er temperature for effective operation wit out formation of clinker in objectionable amount-that is, clinker in suchv uantity and of such size that the air-blast is o structed materially in its passage thro h the fire. The fuel used in the producer ma y be bituminous coal or coke, or anthracite, or mixtures of t e kiln 1, where in the case 0 amount of impingement of the these fuels. The gas so roduced is conducted or forced through t e conduit 4 and enters the kiln 1. There it mixes with air entering throu h the inlet 5 and a long voluminous flame c ar'acteristic of ignited roducergas is developed. This flame trave s in a direction opposite to that of the raw material and im arts its heat tothe latter. The compressed air or other sup ly of air under pressure is admitted throug the pipe 10 and coal is discharged from the bin 6 mto the hopper 9. The jet of air exerts an inductive action on the coal-dust in the hopper and subseuently blows it through the assage 11 into the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1 there will force of the. blast is suflicient) be a certain flame so produced upon the walls of the ln'ln. In Fig. 2 the powdered coal mixes with the roducergas and burns in the central part 0 the kiln and in its combustion givesrlse to a flame of extreme luminositgl. The greater the quantity of pulverized el so supplied Within certain limits the more luminous the flame. The air supplied. through the inlet 5 .or pipe 10 (provided the ma if desired, contain a diluent gas, such as car on dioxid, ora non-gaseous body, such as steam or water vapor, in order to better regucontrol or determine the zone of the highest or clinkeringtemperature.

When operating my process with other fuels than producer-gas-as, for. instance, with uncarbureted water-gas and the likeit is evident that the quantity of powdered coal has to be varied from time to tune to allow for variation in the quantity and quality of the as. a V

Uniformity of heat application in cementburning is a sine qua non. travels along the barrel of the kiln at a certain fairly constant speed and at a certain well-defined zone or point near the lower end of the'kiln is convertedinto cement-clinker. The area of this clinker zone is small, and should the flame vary in quality only for a short space of time some of the material may in that interval be delivered through the clinkerin zone unburned and will be discharged cm the kiln as brown soft-burned clinker, which will not stand the boiling or other tests, and a little of which underburned material is suflicient to injure a lar e quantity of good clinker. It is there ore imperative that the flame should be of uniform uality, and inasmuch as it is almost imposs1ble to supply a uniform guality of gas continually without preceptib e variation it follows that troubles have arisen in the applicationof this heating agent. My system of increasing flame luminosity in a very large measure com ensates for fluctuations in the as, and shou d the gas-at any time suddenly eteriorate it is an easy matter to increase the supply of coal fed through the dischargepipe 1 1 and thereby for the time bein makes tip for any insufliciency of heat in t e producer-gas. Even without such a variation in the coal-sup ly the producer-gas flame works more unif more rapidly to the cement material when it is given the characteristic highly-luminous qualities furnished by the particles of solid or liquid fuel. My invention, therefore, removes a difficult which has heretofore been considered a most impossible of correctionnamely, that of remedying fluctuations in roducer-gas in order to permit of that unifbrm travel-of the cement material through the kiln which is demanded for a commercial output.

.What I claim is 1. The process of producing a localized intense heatmg effect from a non-luminous gasflame at a desired point which consists in blowing into said flame at said point a stream of fuel capable of burning with production of radiant heat..

2. The process of operating a cement-kiln The material.

' late the rate of combustion and to place under 7 which consists in producing in the same a flame of producer-gas and m injectin into said flame in proximity to the clin ering zone of the kiln, a stream of fuel capable of burnin with production of radiant heat.

' 3. The process of operating a cement-kiln which consists in producing in the same a gas-flame and in locally intensifying the heatradiating effect of such flame at a desired point by injecting thereinto at said point a stream of powdered coal.

4. The process of operating a cement-kiln which consists in producing in the same a gas-flame and in locally intensifying the heatradiating eflect of such flame at a desired point by injecting powdered coal carried in suspension in an air-current thereinto at said point.

5. The rocess of conducting combustion in cementkilns Which-consists in introducing into the kiln a stream of producer-gas; in injecting across the path of travel of said stream of producer-gas a stream of powdered coal; and in subjecting the combustible mixture so produced to an igniting temperature in the 2 5 presence of air.

6. The process of operating a rotar cement-kiln which consists in producing t ere in a flame of producer-gas opposite in direction to the flow of cement material through such kiln and in injecting powdered coal into said flame at a oint in proximity to the clinkering zone 0 the kiln.

7. The process of operating a rotar cement-kiln which consists in producing therein a flame of producer-gas opposite in direction to the flow of cement material through such kiln and in injecting commingled air and powdered coal into said flame at a point t l proximity to the clinkering zone or the Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 10th day of November, A. D. 1905.

HENRY L. DOHERTY.

Witnesses:

OARLETQN ELLIs, FLETCHER P. SCOFIELD. 

